According to the National Glaucoma Research Center, Glaucoma is an eye disease that damages the optic nerve, which is essential for vision. It is most often caused by increased pressure inside the eye and is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness. Glaucoma can progress silently, with no early symptoms.
What Exactly Is Glaucoma?
Inside the eye is a fluid called aqueous humor that normally drains out. When it does not drain properly, pressure builds up and damages the optic nerve over time.
What Are The Common Types of Glaucoma?
- Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma is the most common type. It develops slowly and painlessly, with gradual vision loss.
Angle-Closure Glaucoma is a medical emergency that causes a sudden rise in eye pressure, eye pain, nausea, blurred vision, and halos around lights.
- Normal-Tension Glaucoma causes optic nerve damage even when eye pressure is normal.
Secondary and Congenital Glaucoma are caused by other medical conditions or are present at birth.
Who Is at Higher Risk of Glaucoma?
- People over age 60
- Those with a family history of glaucoma
- African American, Hispanic, or Asian individuals
- People with diabetes, high blood pressure, or heart disease
- Long-term steroid use
Severe
- Nearsightedness or prior eye injury
What Are The Symptoms?
- Gradual loss of peripheral or side vision
- Tunnel vision in advanced stages
- In sudden cases, severe eye pain, headache, nausea, or blurred vision
- Many people have no symptoms until vision loss occurs.
How to Prevent or Maintain Glaucoma?
There is no cure, but glaucoma can be managed if detected early.
TIP #1: Get Regular Eye Exams!
Have a comprehensive eye exam every one to two years after age 40, or earlier if you are at higher risk. Exams include eye pressure testing and evaluation of the optic nerve.
TIP #2: Use Prescribed Eye Drops
Eye drops help lower eye pressure and are often required long-term. Using them consistently is essential to prevent vision loss.
TIP #3: Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle
- Regular moderate exercise can help lower eye pressure.
- Eat a diet rich in leafy greens, omega-3 fatty acids, and antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables.
- Stay hydrated, but avoid drinking large amounts of fluid at once.
TIP #4: Protect Your Eyes
- Wear protective eyewear to prevent eye injuries.
- Avoid smoking.
- Limit excessive caffeine intake, which can briefly raise eye pressure.
TIP #5 Manage Other Health Conditions
- Keep diabetes and blood pressure well controlled.
- Avoid unnecessary long-term steroid use.
TIP #6: Get Advanced Treatment Solutions
- Laser therapy may help improve fluid drainage.
- Surgical procedures may be recommended if other treatments are not effective.
Living Well With Glaucoma
With early diagnosis and proper treatment, most people with glaucoma can maintain their vision for life. Regular monitoring and consistent care are key to protecting long-term eye health.
